smartctl-badblock

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如何使用smartctl確認bad block

建議，若遇到bad block還是買新的HDD來備份資料
sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb conv=sync,noerror
/dev/sda (bad block)
/dev/sdb (good hd)

更新記錄

item note
20170629 第一版

目錄

smartctl

取得硬碟測試資料

  • smartctl -l selftest /dev/sda
    -l : show device log
    要有slfttest的log需要先測試，才能取得資料
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    # smartctl -l selftest /dev/sda
    smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [armv7l-linux-3.4.35_hi3535] (local build)
    Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

    === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
    SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
    Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
    # 1  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%      9787         191105024
    # 2  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%      9786         191105024
    # 3  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%      9579         191105030
    # 4  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%      9578         191105024
    # 5  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%      9578         191105026
    # 6  Conveyance offline  Completed: read failure       90%      9578         191105028
    # 7  Conveyance offline  Completed: read failure       90%      9578         191105030
    # 8  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%      9578         191105024

發現有許多LBA error
LBA: Logical Block Address
The LBA counts sectors in units of 512 bytes, and starts at zero

  • smartctl -A /dev/sda

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    # smartctl -A /dev/sda
    smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [armv7l-linux-3.4.35_hi3535] (local build)
    Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

    === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
    SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
    Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
    ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
      1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       4699
      3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   190   175   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       3466
      4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       1531
      5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   200   200   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
      7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       11
      9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   087   087   000    Old_age   Always       -       9807
     10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
     11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
     12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       1474
    192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   199   199   000    Old_age   Always       -       1462
    193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       68
    194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   109   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       38
    196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
    197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       5
    198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
    199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
    200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0008   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0

  • 找出partition位置
    以第191105024 sector bad block而言
    191105024 - 1 = 191105023 sector (
    在/dev/sda1裡面的第191105023個sector為此bad block

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    # fdisk -lu /dev/sda

    Disk /dev/sda: 2000.3 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks  Id System
    /dev/sda1               1  3907029167  1953514583+ ee EFI GPT
    #

  • tune2fs -l /dev/sda1
    沒有找到superblock
    看來之前被後用dd清除

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    # ./tune2fs -l /dev/sda1
    tune2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)
    ./tune2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sda1
    Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.
    # 

    不同端板，其它顆HDD
    (none) :[/tmp/tt]# ./tune2fs -l /dev/sda1 | grep Block
    Block count:              976629504
    Block size:               4096
    Blocks per group:         32768

參考之前格式化硬碟B使用B(Block size:4096)
b = 191105023*512/4096 = 47776255.75

  • 清除bad block
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    root]# 
    dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda1 bs=4096 count=1 seek=47776255
    root]# sync

清除bad block範例

  • 以第191105024 sector為例子
    191105024/4 = 47776256

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    Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
    # 1  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%      9787         191105024

  • 確認存在 bad block

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    # dd if=/dev/sda1 count=1 bs=4096 skip=47776256
    ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
    ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
    ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
    ata1.00: cmd 60/08:00:00:18:c8/00:00:16:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in
             res 41/40:00:00:18:c8/00:00:16:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F>
    ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
    ata1.00: error: { UNC }
    ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
    ata1: EH complete
    xxx
    sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code
    sd 0:0:0:0: [sda]  Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
    sd 0:0:0:0: [sda]  Sense Key : 0x3 [current] [descriptor]
    Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex):
            72 03 11 04 00 00 00 0c 00 0a 80 00 00 00 00 00 
            16 c8 18 00 
    sd 0:0:0:0: [sda]  ASC=0x11 ASCQ=0x4
    sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: cdb[0]=0x28: 28 00 16 c8 18 00 00 00 08 00
    end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 382212096
    Buffer I/O error on device sda1, logical block 47776256
    ata1: EH complete
    dd: /dev/sda1: Input/output error

  • dd

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    # dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda1 count=1 bs=4096 seek=47776256
    1+0 records in
    1+0 records out
    4096 bytes (4.0KB) copied, 0.000665 seconds, 5.9MB/s

  • 確認正常
    但需要在使用smartctl -t long /dev/sda測試一次

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    # dd if=/dev/sda1 count=1 bs=4096 skip=47776256
    1+0 records in
    1+0 records out
    4096 bytes (4.0KB) copied, 0.000419 seconds, 9.3MB/s

參考